Archimedes discovery

Sicily consists of many islands. One such island is the port city of Sicily, called Syracuse. In the 3rd century BC, Syracuse was the center of business, art, and science. A son was born in 287 BC to “fidus”, an astronomer, and mathematician from Siracus. And this infant son is Archimedes. Not much is known about Archimedes' childhood. Archimedes was thirsty for knowledge. He migrated to Alexandria, Egypt, the holy land of knowledge, hoping to gain knowledge. The city of Alexandria was founded by Alexander the Great in 331 BC. At that time, there lived a famous mathematician named Euclid in Alexandria. He wrote a book collecting formulas, edits, theorems on geometry in Greece. That book “The Elements” has been called the basic book of geometry education for two thousand years. After completing his studies, Archimedes returned to Siracus.

Screw of Archimedes: The name of the king of Siracus is Hierro II. According to the writings of the Greek writer Athenus of Nocrates, the king built a huge ship. At that time, six hundred men could have boarded that ship. The ship had gardens, a gymnasium, and a temple of Goddess Aphrodite. Once King Hierro's ship opened with a lot of rainwater. Irrigation of water from such a big ship is becoming quite a problem. King Hierro summoned Archimedes. Solve the problem Pandit. Archimedes built a machine. He took a hollow tube. A rod is placed inside the tube. A thick coil of a spiral patch is attached to the rod. Handle on one head of the rod. When the handle is turned, the water is coming out of the ship's shell through the tube. Archimedes' formula is still used today to extract water from underground for cultivation in developing countries. Vitruvius' description suggests that the Romans knew Archimedes' use of screws. One of the wonders of Saptacharya in the world, Babylon's hanging garden was irrigated with the help of a screw pump. In 1839, the world's first steam-powered ship floated. Using Archimedes' screw propellers on that ship. The ship was named SS Archimedes in honor of Archimedes. 

The Law of the Constantity of Mass: According to Vitruvius, King Hierro of Siracus wanted to build a new crown to be dedicated to the temple of the god. The newly constructed crown should be pure gold. Swarnakar was called. Swarnakar agreed. Who has the courage to be proud of the king's order in the state! He sent pure gold to Swarnakar's house. Then it was the king's turn to wait. Once Swarnakar appeared in the royal court in the crown palace. The king weighed it with the jewel. Nah! This crown weighs the same as the king's gold. However, the king began to have doubts. The nature of goldsmiths is to steal. He sure kept the weight of this crown right by mixing silver with some gold. Where will he go by evasion? Call Archimedes. Archimedes was called. Loved the king's crown. He is not willing to break it. King Hierro was very fond of Archimedes. Most of the rulers of the world appreciated art literature. But they had a bad nature. If you ordered something, he would say, you have to do it or I will take your neck. 

The king asked Archimedes to determine the shaft of the crown but the crown could not be broken. Archimedes was very tense. Many of us stop eating and drinking when we are stressed. I don't know if Archimedes stopped eating but didn't stop eating. It cannot be said whether this famous law of constancy of mass would have been discovered if the bath had been given up. Archimedes went to bathe in Hammam Khana. In those days, people used to go to the hammamkhana to bathe. Udom used to lie down in the bathtub and wash all the clothes. Archimedes was worried. He got down to Toitumbu's bathtub by the brim. Some water overflowed. Electricity hit Archimedes' head. He immediately solved his problem. He can find out the size of the golden crown by the amount of water removed by the crown. The volume of water removed by matter and the volume of matter are equal. Archimedes was impressed by his own discovery. He couldn't stand it anymore. He then ran to the royal palace. He did not notice that he was not wearing any clothes. Naked Archimedes “ureka” “ureka” started running through the streets of Sicily shouting ureka. Eureka in Greek means I got it. Greek: "ε ⁇ ρηκα!" If any other low-density metal is mixed with gold, the amount of water removed will be less than the amount of water removed by pure gold. Archimedes proved by experiment that silver was mixed in the crown and adulterated. The Latin poem “carmen de Ponderibus et Mensuris,” written in the fourth or fifth century, deals with Archimedes' determination of the groove of the golden crown.

                                                               Image source: myhero.com 

Death of Archimedes: Sicily was important for geographical and political reasons. A fierce Second Punic War broke out between the Romans and the Carthage. Being located between the two countries, Sicily naturally could not avoid the war. Syracuse was able to defend itself for two years with Archimedes' mathematical technique. Archimedes set up huge mirrors on the coast. Reflecting the sun's rays in a mirror, he would set fire to the enemy's army. At that time, ships were built of wood. We all know the relationship between wood and fire. Nothing anywhere. Suddenly hot air comes and sets the ship on fire. The enemy was overcome in this ghostly matter. Then once the Romans occupied the city. According to the famous historian Plutarch, “markus Claudius Marcellus” captured Syracuse in 212 BC. Marcellus had great respect for the mathematician Archimedes. He wanted to see this noble man. He asked the soldiers to bring Archimedes to his court. Such is the nature of the royal soldiers who bind when asked to capture. Archimedes does not care that this disaster is going on in the country. He was busy solving complex problems in mathematics. The soldier ordered Archimedes to accompany him to the house of Marcellius. Archimedes rejected the army's orders and again indulged in solving mathematical problems. 

Many say Archimedes' last quote was “don't bother me.” There is no acceptable source to be found regarding the last moment Archimedes said this. If you have a weapon in your hand, people's nature becomes violent. The soldier could not control his temper. Exposed the sword from the cell and continued along Archimedes' neck. The world has lost a great man forever. At the age of seventy-five. Not exactly lost. I, you, we will all be gone one day. The future will forever remember some knowledge-hungry great men like Archimedes. Marcellus was deeply saddened to hear of Archimedes' death. At that time, the bodies of the enemy were disemboweled in various ways. Marcellus ordered Archimedes' funeral with due respect. According to Archimedes' prior wishes, spheres are placed inside a cylinder in his tomb. It is a famous discovery of Archimedes. 

Many of us read while in school. The volume of the sphere is two-thirds of the ion in the cylinder. But have you ever tried to know who first proves it? 137 years after Archimedes' death in 75 BC, Sicily was ruled by the Roman king Orator Cicero. He became aware of Archimedes' tomb. But did not know any exact information about its location. Local people could not give any information. He found the abandoned tomb of Archimedes in the site near the Egregenten Gate in Siracus. Wild vines have grown in abundance on broken tombs. Cicero dressed the tomb. He was able to decipher some of the inscriptions written in Samadhi Gatra. Then Archimedes' tomb was lost again in the womb of time. In 1960, an abandoned tomb in the courtyard of a hotel in Siracus was claimed to be Archimedes' tomb.

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